The ROUNDED clause in COMPUTE statements automatically rounds arithmetic results to fit the target field's decimal precision. It ensures mathematical accuracy in calculations, especially important for financial and scientific applications.
ROUNDED applies standard mathematical rounding rules automatically.
The ROUNDED clause follows specific syntax patterns within COMPUTE statements and can be used with all arithmetic operations.
123456789101112131415* Basic ROUNDED syntax COMPUTE result ROUNDED = expression * With arithmetic operations COMPUTE result ROUNDED = operand1 + operand2 COMPUTE result ROUNDED = operand1 - operand2 COMPUTE result ROUNDED = operand1 * operand2 COMPUTE result ROUNDED = operand1 / operand2 COMPUTE result ROUNDED = operand1 ** operand2 * Complex expressions COMPUTE result ROUNDED = (a + b) * c / d * Multiple targets COMPUTE result1 ROUNDED, result2 ROUNDED = expression1, expression2
ROUNDED can be used with any arithmetic operation in COMPUTE statements.
| Clause | Behavior | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ROUNDED | Standard mathematical rounding | 123.456 → 123.46 |
| NOT ROUNDED | Truncation without rounding | 123.456 → 123.45 |
| Omitted | Same as NOT ROUNDED | 123.456 → 123.45 |
1234567891011121314* Standard rounding rules * 0.0 to 0.4 → rounds down * 0.5 to 0.9 → rounds up * Examples: * 123.450 → 123.45 (no rounding needed) * 123.451 → 123.45 (rounds down) * 123.455 → 123.46 (rounds up) * 123.459 → 123.46 (rounds up) * 123.460 → 123.46 (no rounding needed) * Negative numbers follow same rules * -123.455 → -123.46 (rounds up) * -123.451 → -123.45 (rounds down)
ROUNDED uses standard mathematical rounding rules for all numbers.
These examples demonstrate how to use the ROUNDED clause effectively in different arithmetic scenarios.
1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829IDENTIFICATION DIVISION. PROGRAM-ID. BASIC-ROUNDED-ARITHMETIC. DATA DIVISION. WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. 01 WS-AMOUNT1 PIC 9(5)V99 VALUE 123.456. 01 WS-AMOUNT2 PIC 9(5)V99 VALUE 456.789. 01 WS-RESULT PIC 9(6)V99. 01 WS-RESULT-NO-ROUND PIC 9(6)V99. PROCEDURE DIVISION. MAIN-PROCESS. * Addition with ROUNDED COMPUTE WS-RESULT ROUNDED = WS-AMOUNT1 + WS-AMOUNT2 DISPLAY "With ROUNDED: " WS-AMOUNT1 " + " WS-AMOUNT2 " = " WS-RESULT * Addition without ROUNDED COMPUTE WS-RESULT-NO-ROUND = WS-AMOUNT1 + WS-AMOUNT2 DISPLAY "Without ROUNDED: " WS-AMOUNT1 " + " WS-AMOUNT2 " = " WS-RESULT-NO-ROUND * Multiplication with ROUNDED COMPUTE WS-RESULT ROUNDED = WS-AMOUNT1 * 1.5 DISPLAY "Multiplication with ROUNDED: " WS-AMOUNT1 " * 1.5 = " WS-RESULT * Division with ROUNDED COMPUTE WS-RESULT ROUNDED = WS-AMOUNT2 / 3 DISPLAY "Division with ROUNDED: " WS-AMOUNT2 " / 3 = " WS-RESULT STOP RUN.
Basic arithmetic operations showing the difference between ROUNDED and non-ROUNDED results.
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930IDENTIFICATION DIVISION. PROGRAM-ID. FINANCIAL-ROUNDED-CALCULATIONS. DATA DIVISION. WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. 01 WS-PRINCIPAL PIC 9(8)V99 VALUE 10000.00. 01 WS-RATE PIC 9(3)V99 VALUE 5.25. 01 WS-TIME PIC 9(2)V99 VALUE 2.50. 01 WS-INTEREST PIC 9(8)V99. 01 WS-TOTAL-AMOUNT PIC 9(8)V99. 01 WS-MONTHLY-PAYMENT PIC 9(6)V99. PROCEDURE DIVISION. MAIN-PROCESS. * Calculate simple interest with ROUNDED COMPUTE WS-INTEREST ROUNDED = WS-PRINCIPAL * WS-RATE * WS-TIME / 100 DISPLAY "Principal: " WS-PRINCIPAL DISPLAY "Rate: " WS-RATE "%" DISPLAY "Time: " WS-TIME " years" DISPLAY "Interest (ROUNDED): " WS-INTEREST * Calculate total amount COMPUTE WS-TOTAL-AMOUNT ROUNDED = WS-PRINCIPAL + WS-INTEREST DISPLAY "Total Amount (ROUNDED): " WS-TOTAL-AMOUNT * Calculate monthly payment (example) COMPUTE WS-MONTHLY-PAYMENT ROUNDED = WS-TOTAL-AMOUNT / (WS-TIME * 12) DISPLAY "Monthly Payment (ROUNDED): " WS-MONTHLY-PAYMENT STOP RUN.
Financial calculations demonstrating the importance of ROUNDED for accuracy.
1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132IDENTIFICATION DIVISION. PROGRAM-ID. COMPLEX-ROUNDED-EXPRESSIONS. DATA DIVISION. WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. 01 WS-VALUE1 PIC 9(4)V99 VALUE 123.45. 01 WS-VALUE2 PIC 9(4)V99 VALUE 67.89. 01 WS-VALUE3 PIC 9(4)V99 VALUE 45.67. 01 WS-RESULT1 PIC 9(6)V99. 01 WS-RESULT2 PIC 9(6)V99. 01 WS-RESULT3 PIC 9(6)V99. PROCEDURE DIVISION. MAIN-PROCESS. * Complex expression with parentheses COMPUTE WS-RESULT1 ROUNDED = (WS-VALUE1 + WS-VALUE2) * WS-VALUE3 DISPLAY "Complex 1: (" WS-VALUE1 " + " WS-VALUE2 ") * " WS-VALUE3 " = " WS-RESULT1 * Multiple operations with ROUNDED COMPUTE WS-RESULT2 ROUNDED = WS-VALUE1 * WS-VALUE2 / WS-VALUE3 + 100 DISPLAY "Complex 2: " WS-VALUE1 " * " WS-VALUE2 " / " WS-VALUE3 " + 100 = " WS-RESULT2 * Exponentiation with ROUNDED COMPUTE WS-RESULT3 ROUNDED = WS-VALUE1 ** 2 DISPLAY "Exponentiation: " WS-VALUE1 " ** 2 = " WS-RESULT3 * Nested calculations COMPUTE WS-RESULT1 ROUNDED = WS-VALUE1 + WS-VALUE2 COMPUTE WS-RESULT2 ROUNDED = WS-RESULT1 * WS-VALUE3 DISPLAY "Nested: (" WS-VALUE1 " + " WS-VALUE2 ") * " WS-VALUE3 " = " WS-RESULT2 STOP RUN.
Complex arithmetic expressions showing ROUNDED usage in sophisticated calculations.
1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829IDENTIFICATION DIVISION. PROGRAM-ID. MULTIPLE-ROUNDED-RESULTS. DATA DIVISION. WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. 01 WS-INPUT-VALUE PIC 9(4)V99 VALUE 123.45. 01 WS-RESULT1 PIC 9(6)V99. 01 WS-RESULT2 PIC 9(6)V99. 01 WS-RESULT3 PIC 9(6)V99. 01 WS-RESULT4 PIC 9(6)V99. PROCEDURE DIVISION. MAIN-PROCESS. * Multiple results in one COMPUTE statement COMPUTE WS-RESULT1 ROUNDED, WS-RESULT2 ROUNDED = WS-INPUT-VALUE * 2, WS-INPUT-VALUE / 2 DISPLAY "Input Value: " WS-INPUT-VALUE DISPLAY "Double (ROUNDED): " WS-RESULT1 DISPLAY "Half (ROUNDED): " WS-RESULT2 * Separate calculations for clarity COMPUTE WS-RESULT3 ROUNDED = WS-INPUT-VALUE * 1.5 COMPUTE WS-RESULT4 ROUNDED = WS-INPUT-VALUE * 0.75 DISPLAY "1.5x (ROUNDED): " WS-RESULT3 DISPLAY "0.75x (ROUNDED): " WS-RESULT4 STOP RUN.
Multiple result calculations showing how to apply ROUNDED to multiple targets.
Understanding best practices ensures accurate calculations and proper handling of decimal precision.
| Pitfall | Problem | Solution |
|---|---|---|
| Inconsistent rounding | Accumulated errors | Use ROUNDED consistently |
| Inadequate precision | Loss of accuracy | Use appropriate field sizes |
| Wrong order of operations | Incorrect results | Use parentheses for clarity |
| Missing edge case testing | Unexpected behavior | Test with boundary values |
| Inconsistent data types | Type conversion issues | Use compatible data types |
123456789101112131415* High precision calculations 01 WS-HIGH-PRECISION PIC 9(10)V99. * 10 digits, 2 decimals 01 WS-INTERMEDIATE PIC 9(12)V99. * Intermediate with extra precision 01 WS-FINAL-RESULT PIC 9(8)V99. * Final result with ROUNDED * Example: Maintain precision through calculations COMPUTE WS-INTERMEDIATE ROUNDED = WS-HIGH-PRECISION * 1.123456 COMPUTE WS-FINAL-RESULT ROUNDED = WS-INTERMEDIATE / 100 * Financial calculations with proper precision 01 WS-CURRENCY-AMOUNT PIC 9(8)V99. * Currency amount 01 WS-TAX-RATE PIC 9(3)V99. * Tax rate percentage 01 WS-TAX-AMOUNT PIC 9(8)V99. * Calculated tax COMPUTE WS-TAX-AMOUNT ROUNDED = WS-CURRENCY-AMOUNT * WS-TAX-RATE / 100
Consider precision requirements and use appropriate field sizes.
| Operation | Syntax | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Addition | COMPUTE result ROUNDED = a + b | COMPUTE WS-SUM ROUNDED = WS-A + WS-B |
| Subtraction | COMPUTE result ROUNDED = a - b | COMPUTE WS-DIFF ROUNDED = WS-A - WS-B |
| Multiplication | COMPUTE result ROUNDED = a * b | COMPUTE WS-PRODUCT ROUNDED = WS-A * WS-B |
| Division | COMPUTE result ROUNDED = a / b | COMPUTE WS-QUOTIENT ROUNDED = WS-A / WS-B |
| Exponentiation | COMPUTE result ROUNDED = a ** b | COMPUTE WS-POWER ROUNDED = WS-A ** 2 |
1. What is the primary purpose of the ROUNDED clause in COMPUTE statements?
2. When is the ROUNDED clause most useful?
3. How does ROUNDED handle decimal precision?
4. Which arithmetic operations can use the ROUNDED clause?
5. What happens if you don't use ROUNDED when precision is exceeded?
Understanding the COMPUTE statement for arithmetic operations.
Basic arithmetic operations in COBOL.
COBOL data types and precision considerations.
Financial calculation techniques and validation.
Decimal arithmetic and precision handling.