MainframeMaster

COBOL Data Initialization Concepts

Data initialization in COBOL involves setting initial values for variables, data structures, and program state when a program starts or when new data areas are created. Proper initialization ensures that all data has known, predictable starting values before processing begins, preventing errors caused by undefined or random data values. Understanding initialization concepts is crucial for building reliable and maintainable COBOL applications.

Understanding Data Initialization

Data initialization in COBOL encompasses all methods of setting initial values for data items, including VALUE clauses, MOVE statements, ACCEPT operations, and programmatic initialization. Proper initialization ensures data integrity, prevents processing errors, and provides predictable program behavior. Different initialization methods are appropriate for different scenarios and data types.

VALUE Clause Initialization

1. Basic VALUE Clause Usage

The VALUE clause is the primary method for initializing data items in the DATA DIVISION. It assigns initial values that are set when the program starts or when storage is allocated. VALUE clauses can be used with various data types and provide a declarative way to set default values.

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       IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
       PROGRAM-ID. DATA-INITIALIZATION-BASICS.
       *> This program demonstrates basic data initialization concepts
       
       DATA DIVISION.
       WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
       *> Basic VALUE clause initialization
       01 INITIALIZATION-DEMO.
           05 NUMERIC-VALUE        PIC 9(5) VALUE 12345.
           05 DECIMAL-VALUE        PIC 9(5)V99 VALUE 123.45.
           05 CHARACTER-VALUE      PIC X(20) VALUE 'Hello World'.
           05 ALPHANUMERIC-VALUE   PIC X(10) VALUE 'ABC123'.
           05 BINARY-VALUE         PIC 9(5) COMP VALUE 1000.
           05 PACKED-VALUE         PIC 9(5)V99 COMP-3 VALUE 500.75.
       
       01 INITIALIZATION-CONTROLS.
           05 PROGRAM-STATUS       PIC X(1) VALUE 'A'.
               88 PROGRAM-ACTIVE   VALUE 'A'.
               88 PROGRAM-INACTIVE VALUE 'I'.
           05 PROCESSING-FLAG      PIC X(1) VALUE 'N'.
               88 PROCESSING-ON    VALUE 'Y'.
               88 PROCESSING-OFF   VALUE 'N'.
           05 ERROR-COUNT          PIC 9(3) VALUE 0.
           05 SUCCESS-COUNT        PIC 9(3) VALUE 0.
       
       01 INITIALIZATION-ARRAYS.
           05 MONTH-NAMES.
               10 MONTH-NAME OCCURS 12 TIMES PIC X(10).
           05 DAYS-IN-MONTH.
               10 DAY-COUNT OCCURS 12 TIMES PIC 9(2).
       
       01 INITIALIZATION-TABLES.
           05 CURRENCY-CODES.
               10 CURRENCY-ENTRY OCCURS 5 TIMES.
                   15 CURRENCY-CODE    PIC X(3).
                   15 CURRENCY-RATE    PIC 9(5)V99.
       
       PROCEDURE DIVISION.
       DATA-INITIALIZATION-MAIN.
           DISPLAY 'Data Initialization Concepts Demonstration'
           DISPLAY '========================================='
           
       *> Display basic initialized values
           PERFORM DISPLAY-BASIC-VALUES
           
       *> Demonstrate array initialization
           PERFORM DEMONSTRATE-ARRAY-INITIALIZATION
           
       *> Demonstrate table initialization
           PERFORM DEMONSTRATE-TABLE-INITIALIZATION
           
       *> Demonstrate conditional initialization
           PERFORM DEMONSTRATE-CONDITIONAL-INITIALIZATION
           
           STOP RUN.
       
       DISPLAY-BASIC-VALUES.
       *> Display basic initialized values
           DISPLAY 'Basic Initialized Values:'
           DISPLAY 'Numeric Value: ' NUMERIC-VALUE
           DISPLAY 'Decimal Value: ' DECIMAL-VALUE
           DISPLAY 'Character Value: ' CHARACTER-VALUE
           DISPLAY 'Alphanumeric Value: ' ALPHANUMERIC-VALUE
           DISPLAY 'Binary Value: ' BINARY-VALUE
           DISPLAY 'Packed Value: ' PACKED-VALUE
           DISPLAY 'Program Status: ' PROGRAM-STATUS
           DISPLAY 'Processing Flag: ' PROCESSING-FLAG
           DISPLAY 'Error Count: ' ERROR-COUNT
           DISPLAY 'Success Count: ' SUCCESS-COUNT
           DISPLAY ' '.
       
       DEMONSTRATE-ARRAY-INITIALIZATION.
       *> Demonstrate array initialization
           DISPLAY 'Array Initialization:'
           
       *> Initialize month names array
           MOVE 'January  ' TO MONTH-NAME(1)
           MOVE 'February ' TO MONTH-NAME(2)
           MOVE 'March    ' TO MONTH-NAME(3)
           MOVE 'April    ' TO MONTH-NAME(4)
           MOVE 'May      ' TO MONTH-NAME(5)
           MOVE 'June     ' TO MONTH-NAME(6)
           MOVE 'July     ' TO MONTH-NAME(7)
           MOVE 'August   ' TO MONTH-NAME(8)
           MOVE 'September' TO MONTH-NAME(9)
           MOVE 'October  ' TO MONTH-NAME(10)
           MOVE 'November ' TO MONTH-NAME(11)
           MOVE 'December ' TO MONTH-NAME(12)
           
       *> Initialize days in month array
           MOVE 31 TO DAY-COUNT(1)
           MOVE 28 TO DAY-COUNT(2)
           MOVE 31 TO DAY-COUNT(3)
           MOVE 30 TO DAY-COUNT(4)
           MOVE 31 TO DAY-COUNT(5)
           MOVE 30 TO DAY-COUNT(6)
           MOVE 31 TO DAY-COUNT(7)
           MOVE 31 TO DAY-COUNT(8)
           MOVE 30 TO DAY-COUNT(9)
           MOVE 31 TO DAY-COUNT(10)
           MOVE 30 TO DAY-COUNT(11)
           MOVE 31 TO DAY-COUNT(12)
           
       *> Display array contents
           DISPLAY 'Month Names and Days:'
           PERFORM VARYING MONTH-INDEX FROM 1 BY 1
               UNTIL MONTH-INDEX > 12
               DISPLAY '  ' MONTH-INDEX ': ' MONTH-NAME(MONTH-INDEX) 
                      ' (' DAY-COUNT(MONTH-INDEX) ' days)'
           END-PERFORM
           DISPLAY ' '.
       
       DEMONSTRATE-TABLE-INITIALIZATION.
       *> Demonstrate table initialization
           DISPLAY 'Table Initialization:'
           
       *> Initialize currency codes table
           MOVE 'USD' TO CURRENCY-CODE(1)
           MOVE 1.00 TO CURRENCY-RATE(1)
           MOVE 'EUR' TO CURRENCY-CODE(2)
           MOVE 0.85 TO CURRENCY-RATE(2)
           MOVE 'GBP' TO CURRENCY-CODE(3)
           MOVE 0.73 TO CURRENCY-RATE(3)
           MOVE 'JPY' TO CURRENCY-CODE(4)
           MOVE 110.00 TO CURRENCY-RATE(4)
           MOVE 'CAD' TO CURRENCY-CODE(5)
           MOVE 1.25 TO CURRENCY-RATE(5)
           
       *> Display table contents
           DISPLAY 'Currency Codes and Rates:'
           PERFORM VARYING CURRENCY-INDEX FROM 1 BY 1
               UNTIL CURRENCY-INDEX > 5
               DISPLAY '  ' CURRENCY-CODE(CURRENCY-INDEX) ': ' 
                      CURRENCY-RATE(CURRENCY-INDEX)
           END-PERFORM
           DISPLAY ' '.
       
       DEMONSTRATE-CONDITIONAL-INITIALIZATION.
       *> Demonstrate conditional initialization
           DISPLAY 'Conditional Initialization:'
           
       *> Initialize based on program status
           IF PROGRAM-ACTIVE
               MOVE 'Y' TO PROCESSING-FLAG
               DISPLAY 'Program is active - Processing enabled'
           ELSE
               MOVE 'N' TO PROCESSING-FLAG
               DISPLAY 'Program is inactive - Processing disabled'
           END-IF
           
       *> Initialize counters based on conditions
           IF PROCESSING-ON
               MOVE 0 TO ERROR-COUNT
               MOVE 0 TO SUCCESS-COUNT
               DISPLAY 'Counters initialized for processing'
           ELSE
               MOVE 999 TO ERROR-COUNT
               MOVE 999 TO SUCCESS-COUNT
               DISPLAY 'Counters set to error state'
           END-IF
           
           DISPLAY 'Final Status:'
           DISPLAY '  Program Status: ' PROGRAM-STATUS
           DISPLAY '  Processing Flag: ' PROCESSING-FLAG
           DISPLAY '  Error Count: ' ERROR-COUNT
           DISPLAY '  Success Count: ' SUCCESS-COUNT.

This example demonstrates basic data initialization concepts including VALUE clause usage for different data types, array initialization, table initialization, and conditional initialization. The program shows how to initialize numeric, character, binary, and packed decimal values, as well as how to set up arrays and tables with initial data. Conditional initialization based on program state is also demonstrated.

2. Advanced Initialization Techniques

Advanced initialization techniques include dynamic initialization, initialization from external sources, complex data structure initialization, and initialization with validation. These techniques provide more sophisticated ways to set up data structures and handle complex initialization scenarios.

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       IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
       PROGRAM-ID. ADVANCED-INITIALIZATION.
       *> This program demonstrates advanced data initialization techniques
       
       DATA DIVISION.
       WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
       *> Advanced initialization data structures
       01 INITIALIZATION-CONTROLS.
           05 INIT-MODE            PIC X(1).
               88 INIT-DEFAULT     VALUE 'D'.
               88 INIT-FILE        VALUE 'F'.
               88 INIT-USER        VALUE 'U'.
           05 INIT-SOURCE          PIC X(20).
           05 INIT-TIMESTAMP       PIC X(20).
           05 INIT-STATUS          PIC X(1).
               88 INIT-SUCCESS    VALUE 'S'.
               88 INIT-FAILURE     VALUE 'F'.
       
       01 DYNAMIC-DATA.
           05 DYNAMIC-ARRAY OCCURS 10 TIMES.
               10 DYNAMIC-VALUE    PIC 9(5).
               10 DYNAMIC-FLAG     PIC X(1).
                   88 DYNAMIC-SET  VALUE 'Y'.
                   88 DYNAMIC-NOT-SET VALUE 'N'.
       
       01 COMPLEX-STRUCTURE.
           05 STRUCTURE-HEADER.
               10 STRUCTURE-ID     PIC X(10).
               10 STRUCTURE-VERSION PIC X(4).
               10 STRUCTURE-COUNT  PIC 9(3).
           05 STRUCTURE-DATA OCCURS 5 TIMES.
               10 DATA-ITEM-1      PIC X(20).
               10 DATA-ITEM-2      PIC 9(5)V99.
               10 DATA-ITEM-3      PIC X(1).
                   88 DATA-VALID   VALUE 'V'.
                   88 DATA-INVALID VALUE 'I'.
       
       01 INITIALIZATION-RESULTS.
           05 INIT-COUNT          PIC 9(3).
           05 INIT-ERRORS         PIC 9(3).
           05 INIT-WARNINGS       PIC 9(3).
       
       PROCEDURE DIVISION.
       ADVANCED-INITIALIZATION-MAIN.
           DISPLAY 'Advanced Data Initialization Demonstration'
           DISPLAY '========================================='
           
       *> Demonstrate dynamic initialization
           PERFORM DEMONSTRATE-DYNAMIC-INITIALIZATION
           
       *> Demonstrate complex structure initialization
           PERFORM DEMONSTRATE-COMPLEX-INITIALIZATION
           
       *> Demonstrate initialization with validation
           PERFORM DEMONSTRATE-VALIDATION-INITIALIZATION
           
       *> Demonstrate initialization from multiple sources
           PERFORM DEMONSTRATE-MULTI-SOURCE-INITIALIZATION
           
           STOP RUN.
       
       DEMONSTRATE-DYNAMIC-INITIALIZATION.
       *> Demonstrate dynamic initialization based on conditions
           DISPLAY 'Dynamic Initialization:'
           
       *> Initialize array based on current time
           ACCEPT INIT-TIMESTAMP FROM DATE YYYYMMDD
           ACCEPT INIT-TIMESTAMP(9:8) FROM TIME
           
       *> Initialize array with calculated values
           PERFORM VARYING ARRAY-INDEX FROM 1 BY 1
               UNTIL ARRAY-INDEX > 10
               COMPUTE DYNAMIC-VALUE(ARRAY-INDEX) = ARRAY-INDEX * 100
               SET DYNAMIC-SET TO TRUE
           END-PERFORM
           
       *> Display dynamic initialization results
           DISPLAY 'Dynamic Array Initialization:'
           PERFORM VARYING ARRAY-INDEX FROM 1 BY 1
               UNTIL ARRAY-INDEX > 10
               DISPLAY '  Index ' ARRAY-INDEX ': Value = ' 
                      DYNAMIC-VALUE(ARRAY-INDEX) 
                      ' Flag = ' DYNAMIC-FLAG(ARRAY-INDEX)
           END-PERFORM
           DISPLAY ' '.
       
       DEMONSTRATE-COMPLEX-INITIALIZATION.
       *> Demonstrate complex structure initialization
           DISPLAY 'Complex Structure Initialization:'
           
       *> Initialize structure header
           MOVE 'STRUCT001' TO STRUCTURE-ID
           MOVE 'V1.0' TO STRUCTURE-VERSION
           MOVE 5 TO STRUCTURE-COUNT
           
       *> Initialize structure data
           PERFORM VARYING STRUCT-INDEX FROM 1 BY 1
               UNTIL STRUCT-INDEX > 5
               STRING 'ITEM' DELIMITED BY SIZE
                      STRUCT-INDEX DELIMITED BY SIZE
                      INTO DATA-ITEM-1(STRUCT-INDEX)
               END-STRING
               COMPUTE DATA-ITEM-2(STRUCT-INDEX) = STRUCT-INDEX * 100.50
               SET DATA-VALID TO TRUE
           END-PERFORM
           
       *> Display complex structure
           DISPLAY 'Complex Structure:'
           DISPLAY '  ID: ' STRUCTURE-ID
           DISPLAY '  Version: ' STRUCTURE-VERSION
           DISPLAY '  Count: ' STRUCTURE-COUNT
           DISPLAY '  Data Items:'
           PERFORM VARYING STRUCT-INDEX FROM 1 BY 1
               UNTIL STRUCT-INDEX > 5
               DISPLAY '    ' STRUCT-INDEX ': ' DATA-ITEM-1(STRUCT-INDEX)
                      ' Value: ' DATA-ITEM-2(STRUCT-INDEX)
                      ' Status: ' DATA-ITEM-3(STRUCT-INDEX)
           END-PERFORM
           DISPLAY ' '.
       
       DEMONSTRATE-VALIDATION-INITIALIZATION.
       *> Demonstrate initialization with validation
           DISPLAY 'Initialization with Validation:'
           
       *> Initialize with validation checks
           MOVE 0 TO INIT-COUNT
           MOVE 0 TO INIT-ERRORS
           MOVE 0 TO INIT-WARNINGS
           
       *> Validate and initialize each array element
           PERFORM VARYING VALIDATE-INDEX FROM 1 BY 1
               UNTIL VALIDATE-INDEX > 10
               IF DYNAMIC-VALUE(VALIDATE-INDEX) > 0
                   ADD 1 TO INIT-COUNT
                   DISPLAY '  Element ' VALIDATE-INDEX ' initialized successfully'
               ELSE
                   ADD 1 TO INIT-ERRORS
                   DISPLAY '  Element ' VALIDATE-INDEX ' initialization failed'
               END-IF
           END-PERFORM
           
       *> Check for warnings
           IF INIT-COUNT < 5
               ADD 1 TO INIT-WARNINGS
               DISPLAY '  Warning: Low initialization count'
           END-IF
           
           DISPLAY 'Validation Results:'
           DISPLAY '  Successful initializations: ' INIT-COUNT
           DISPLAY '  Initialization errors: ' INIT-ERRORS
           DISPLAY '  Warnings: ' INIT-WARNINGS
           DISPLAY ' '.
       
       DEMONSTRATE-MULTI-SOURCE-INITIALIZATION.
       *> Demonstrate initialization from multiple sources
           DISPLAY 'Multi-Source Initialization:'
           
       *> Initialize from different sources based on mode
           EVALUATE INIT-MODE
               WHEN 'D'
                   PERFORM INITIALIZE-FROM-DEFAULTS
               WHEN 'F'
                   PERFORM INITIALIZE-FROM-FILE
               WHEN 'U'
                   PERFORM INITIALIZE-FROM-USER
               WHEN OTHER
                   PERFORM INITIALIZE-FROM-DEFAULTS
           END-EVALUATE
           
       *> Display initialization source
           DISPLAY 'Initialization completed from: ' INIT-SOURCE
           DISPLAY 'Initialization status: ' INIT-STATUS.
       
       INITIALIZE-FROM-DEFAULTS.
       *> Initialize from default values
           MOVE 'DEFAULT VALUES' TO INIT-SOURCE
           SET INIT-SUCCESS TO TRUE
           DISPLAY '  Initialized from default values'.
       
       INITIALIZE-FROM-FILE.
       *> Initialize from file (simulated)
           MOVE 'CONFIGURATION FILE' TO INIT-SOURCE
           SET INIT-SUCCESS TO TRUE
           DISPLAY '  Initialized from configuration file'.
       
       INITIALIZE-FROM-USER.
       *> Initialize from user input (simulated)
           MOVE 'USER INPUT' TO INIT-SOURCE
           SET INIT-SUCCESS TO TRUE
           DISPLAY '  Initialized from user input'.

This example demonstrates advanced initialization techniques including dynamic initialization based on runtime conditions, complex data structure initialization, initialization with validation, and multi-source initialization. The program shows how to initialize data structures programmatically, validate initialization results, and handle different initialization scenarios based on program requirements and external conditions.

Initialization Error Handling

1. Error Detection and Recovery

Initialization error handling involves detecting initialization failures, providing fallback mechanisms, and ensuring program stability when initialization fails. This includes validation of initialized values, error reporting, and recovery procedures to handle initialization problems gracefully.

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       IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
       PROGRAM-ID. INITIALIZATION-ERROR-HANDLING.
       *> This program demonstrates initialization error handling
       
       DATA DIVISION.
       WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
       *> Error handling data structures
       01 ERROR-HANDLING-DATA.
           05 INITIALIZATION-STATUS PIC X(1).
               88 INIT-SUCCESS     VALUE 'S'.
               88 INIT-PARTIAL     VALUE 'P'.
               88 INIT-FAILURE     VALUE 'F'.
           05 ERROR-COUNT          PIC 9(3) VALUE 0.
           05 WARNING-COUNT        PIC 9(3) VALUE 0.
           05 RECOVERY-ATTEMPTS    PIC 9(2) VALUE 0.
           05 MAX-RECOVERY-ATTEMPTS PIC 9(2) VALUE 3.
       
       01 INITIALIZATION-DATA.
           05 INIT-ARRAY OCCURS 10 TIMES.
               10 INIT-VALUE       PIC 9(5).
               10 INIT-STATUS     PIC X(1).
                   88 INIT-OK      VALUE 'O'.
                   88 INIT-ERROR   VALUE 'E'.
                   88 INIT-WARNING VALUE 'W'.
       
       01 ERROR-MESSAGES.
           05 ERROR-MESSAGE        PIC X(100).
           05 WARNING-MESSAGE      PIC X(100).
           05 RECOVERY-MESSAGE     PIC X(100).
       
       01 INITIALIZATION-RESULTS.
           05 SUCCESSFUL-INITS     PIC 9(3).
           05 FAILED-INITS         PIC 9(3).
           05 WARNING-INITS        PIC 9(3).
       
       PROCEDURE DIVISION.
       INITIALIZATION-ERROR-MAIN.
           DISPLAY 'Initialization Error Handling Demonstration'
           DISPLAY '=========================================='
           
       *> Demonstrate initialization with error detection
           PERFORM DEMONSTRATE-ERROR-DETECTION
           
       *> Demonstrate error recovery
           PERFORM DEMONSTRATE-ERROR-RECOVERY
           
       *> Demonstrate fallback initialization
           PERFORM DEMONSTRATE-FALLBACK-INITIALIZATION
           
       *> Display final results
           PERFORM DISPLAY-FINAL-RESULTS
           
           STOP RUN.
       
       DEMONSTRATE-ERROR-DETECTION.
       *> Demonstrate initialization error detection
           DISPLAY 'Error Detection During Initialization:'
           
       *> Initialize array with potential errors
           PERFORM VARYING INIT-INDEX FROM 1 BY 1
               UNTIL INIT-INDEX > 10
               PERFORM INITIALIZE-ARRAY-ELEMENT
           END-PERFORM
           
       *> Check initialization results
           PERFORM CHECK-INITIALIZATION-RESULTS
           
           DISPLAY ' '.
       
       INITIALIZE-ARRAY-ELEMENT.
       *> Initialize individual array element with error checking
           IF INIT-INDEX = 3 OR INIT-INDEX = 7
               *> Simulate initialization error
               SET INIT-ERROR TO TRUE
               MOVE 0 TO INIT-VALUE(INIT-INDEX)
               ADD 1 TO ERROR-COUNT
               DISPLAY '  Error: Failed to initialize element ' INIT-INDEX
           ELSE
               IF INIT-INDEX = 5
                   *> Simulate initialization warning
                   SET INIT-WARNING TO TRUE
                   MOVE INIT-INDEX * 100 TO INIT-VALUE(INIT-INDEX)
                   ADD 1 TO WARNING-COUNT
                   DISPLAY '  Warning: Partial initialization for element ' INIT-INDEX
               ELSE
                   *> Normal initialization
                   SET INIT-OK TO TRUE
                   MOVE INIT-INDEX * 100 TO INIT-VALUE(INIT-INDEX)
                   DISPLAY '  Success: Initialized element ' INIT-INDEX
               END-IF
           END-IF.
       
       CHECK-INITIALIZATION-RESULTS.
       *> Check overall initialization results
           IF ERROR-COUNT = 0 AND WARNING-COUNT = 0
               SET INIT-SUCCESS TO TRUE
               MOVE 'All initializations successful' TO ERROR-MESSAGE
           ELSE
               IF ERROR-COUNT > 0
                   SET INIT-FAILURE TO TRUE
                   MOVE 'Initialization failures detected' TO ERROR-MESSAGE
               ELSE
                   SET INIT-PARTIAL TO TRUE
                   MOVE 'Initialization completed with warnings' TO ERROR-MESSAGE
               END-IF
           END-IF
           
           DISPLAY 'Overall Status: ' ERROR-MESSAGE.
       
       DEMONSTRATE-ERROR-RECOVERY.
       *> Demonstrate error recovery procedures
           DISPLAY 'Error Recovery Procedures:'
           
       *> Attempt to recover from initialization errors
           PERFORM VARYING RECOVERY-INDEX FROM 1 BY 1
               UNTIL RECOVERY-INDEX > MAX-RECOVERY-ATTEMPTS
               ADD 1 TO RECOVERY-ATTEMPTS
               DISPLAY '  Recovery attempt ' RECOVERY-ATTEMPTS
               
               PERFORM ATTEMPT-RECOVERY
               
               IF INIT-SUCCESS
                   DISPLAY '  Recovery successful'
                   EXIT PERFORM
               ELSE
                   DISPLAY '  Recovery attempt failed'
               END-IF
           END-PERFORM
           
           IF NOT INIT-SUCCESS
               DISPLAY '  All recovery attempts failed'
           END-IF
           DISPLAY ' '.
       
       ATTEMPT-RECOVERY.
       *> Attempt to recover from initialization errors
           MOVE 0 TO ERROR-COUNT
           
       *> Re-initialize failed elements
           PERFORM VARYING RECOVER-INDEX FROM 1 BY 1
               UNTIL RECOVER-INDEX > 10
               IF INIT-ERROR
                   *> Try alternative initialization
                   MOVE RECOVER-INDEX * 50 TO INIT-VALUE(RECOVER-INDEX)
                   SET INIT-OK TO TRUE
                   DISPLAY '    Recovered element ' RECOVER-INDEX
               END-IF
           END-PERFORM
           
       *> Check if recovery was successful
           IF ERROR-COUNT = 0
               SET INIT-SUCCESS TO TRUE
           END-IF.
       
       DEMONSTRATE-FALLBACK-INITIALIZATION.
       *> Demonstrate fallback initialization
           DISPLAY 'Fallback Initialization:'
           
       *> Use fallback values if initialization fails
           IF INIT-FAILURE
               DISPLAY '  Using fallback initialization values'
               
               PERFORM VARYING FALLBACK-INDEX FROM 1 BY 1
                   UNTIL FALLBACK-INDEX > 10
                   MOVE 999 TO INIT-VALUE(FALLBACK-INDEX)
                   SET INIT-OK TO TRUE
               END-PERFORM
               
               SET INIT-SUCCESS TO TRUE
               MOVE 'Fallback initialization completed' TO RECOVERY-MESSAGE
               DISPLAY '  ' RECOVERY-MESSAGE
           ELSE
               DISPLAY '  Fallback initialization not needed'
           END-IF
           DISPLAY ' '.
       
       DISPLAY-FINAL-RESULTS.
       *> Display final initialization results
           DISPLAY 'Final Initialization Results:'
           
       *> Count final results
           MOVE 0 TO SUCCESSFUL-INITS
           MOVE 0 TO FAILED-INITS
           MOVE 0 TO WARNING-INITS
           
           PERFORM VARYING COUNT-INDEX FROM 1 BY 1
               UNTIL COUNT-INDEX > 10
               IF INIT-OK
                   ADD 1 TO SUCCESSFUL-INITS
               ELSE
                   IF INIT-ERROR
                       ADD 1 TO FAILED-INITS
                   ELSE
                       ADD 1 TO WARNING-INITS
                   END-IF
               END-IF
           END-PERFORM
           
           DISPLAY '  Successful initializations: ' SUCCESSFUL-INITS
           DISPLAY '  Failed initializations: ' FAILED-INITS
           DISPLAY '  Warning initializations: ' WARNING-INITS
           DISPLAY '  Recovery attempts: ' RECOVERY-ATTEMPTS
           
           IF INIT-SUCCESS
               DISPLAY '  Final status: SUCCESS'
           ELSE
               IF INIT-PARTIAL
                   DISPLAY '  Final status: PARTIAL SUCCESS'
               ELSE
                   DISPLAY '  Final status: FAILURE'
               END-IF
           END-IF.

This example demonstrates comprehensive initialization error handling including error detection during initialization, recovery procedures, fallback initialization mechanisms, and final result reporting. The program shows how to detect initialization failures, attempt recovery from errors, use fallback values when necessary, and provide detailed reporting of initialization results. This approach ensures program stability even when initialization encounters problems.

Best Practices for Data Initialization

Common Initialization Patterns

Data Types

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Working Storage

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Data Definition

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Variable Scope

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Data Validation

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Program Initialization

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