What is class testing in COBOL?

Class testing in COBOL involves creating unit tests to verify that class methods work correctly, properties are properly managed, and objects behave as expected under various conditions.

How do you create test cases for COBOL classes?

Test cases are created by instantiating class objects, calling methods with known inputs, and verifying that the outputs match expected results using assertions and validation checks.

What are test assertions in COBOL?

Test assertions are statements that verify expected conditions, such as checking if method return values match expected results or if object properties contain correct values after operations.

How do you test class inheritance in COBOL?

Inheritance testing involves creating objects of both parent and child classes, verifying that inherited methods work correctly, and testing method overriding behavior in subclasses.

What is mocking in COBOL class testing?

Mocking in COBOL involves creating fake or stub objects that simulate dependencies, allowing isolated testing of individual classes without relying on external systems or complex objects.

How do you automate class testing in COBOL?

Automated testing is achieved through test frameworks that can run multiple test cases, generate reports, and integrate with build processes to ensure code quality.

MainframeMaster

COBOL Class Tests

Class testing in COBOL is essential for ensuring that object-oriented code works correctly and reliably. By creating comprehensive test suites, developers can verify that classes behave as expected, catch bugs early, and maintain code quality throughout the development lifecycle.

Understanding Class Testing

Class testing focuses on verifying the behavior of individual classes in isolation. This includes testing method functionality, property management, inheritance relationships, and edge cases. Effective class testing helps identify issues before they impact the larger system and provides confidence when making code changes.

Basic Test Structure

1. Test Class Definition

A test class in COBOL is designed specifically to test another class. It creates instances of the class under test, calls its methods with various inputs, and verifies the results. The test class should be separate from the production code to maintain clear separation of concerns.

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       IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
       PROGRAM-ID. CUSTOMER-CLASS-TEST.
       *> This program tests the CUSTOMER-CLASS functionality
       *> It verifies that all methods work correctly with various inputs
       
       DATA DIVISION.
       WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
       *> Test data and result tracking
       01 TEST-RESULTS.
           05 TOTAL-TESTS      PIC 9(3) VALUE 0.
           05 PASSED-TESTS     PIC 9(3) VALUE 0.
           05 FAILED-TESTS     PIC 9(3) VALUE 0.
           05 TEST-STATUS      PIC X(1).
               88 TEST-PASSED VALUE 'P'.
               88 TEST-FAILED VALUE 'F'.
       
       *> Test data for customer operations
       01 TEST-CUSTOMER-DATA.
           05 TEST-CUSTOMER-ID    PIC 9(8) VALUE 12345678.
           05 TEST-CUSTOMER-NAME  PIC X(50) VALUE 'John Smith'.
           05 TEST-CUSTOMER-EMAIL PIC X(100) VALUE 'john.smith@email.com'.
       
       *> Object reference for the class under test
       01 CUSTOMER-OBJECT        USAGE OBJECT REFERENCE.
       
       PROCEDURE DIVISION.
       MAIN-TEST-LOGIC.
           DISPLAY 'Starting Customer Class Tests'
           PERFORM INITIALIZE-TEST-ENVIRONMENT
           PERFORM RUN-ALL-TESTS
           PERFORM DISPLAY-TEST-RESULTS
           STOP RUN.

The test class begins with a clear identification of its purpose. The WORKING-STORAGE SECTION contains test data, result tracking variables, and an object reference that will hold the instance of the class being tested. The main procedure orchestrates the entire testing process, from setup through execution to reporting.

2. Test Initialization

Test initialization sets up the testing environment by creating objects, preparing test data, and establishing baseline conditions. This ensures that each test starts from a known, clean state, making test results predictable and reliable.

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       INITIALIZE-TEST-ENVIRONMENT.
       *> Create a new instance of the customer class
           INVOKE CUSTOMER-CLASS "NEW" RETURNING CUSTOMER-OBJECT
           
       *> Verify the object was created successfully
           IF CUSTOMER-OBJECT = NULL
               DISPLAY 'ERROR: Failed to create customer object'
               MOVE 999 TO RETURN-CODE
               STOP RUN
           END-IF
           
       *> Initialize test counters
           MOVE 0 TO TOTAL-TESTS
           MOVE 0 TO PASSED-TESTS
           MOVE 0 TO FAILED-TESTS
           
       *> Display test environment information
           DISPLAY 'Test environment initialized successfully'
           DISPLAY 'Customer object created: ' CUSTOMER-OBJECT.
       
       RUN-ALL-TESTS.
       *> Execute all test cases
           PERFORM TEST-SET-CUSTOMER-DATA
           PERFORM TEST-GET-CUSTOMER-BALANCE
           PERFORM TEST-UPDATE-BALANCE
           PERFORM TEST-VALIDATE-CUSTOMER-DATA
           PERFORM TEST-INVALID-INPUTS.

The initialization process creates a fresh instance of the class under test using the INVOKE statement with the "NEW" method. This is crucial because it ensures each test starts with a clean object state. The code also includes error checking to verify that object creation succeeded, which prevents tests from running with invalid objects.

Individual Test Cases

1. Testing Method Functionality

Individual test cases focus on specific methods or behaviors. Each test case should have a clear purpose, use known input data, and verify expected outputs. Good test cases cover both normal operations and edge cases to ensure robust behavior.

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       TEST-SET-CUSTOMER-DATA.
       *> Test the SET-CUSTOMER-DATA method with valid input
           ADD 1 TO TOTAL-TESTS
           DISPLAY 'Testing SET-CUSTOMER-DATA method...'
           
       *> Call the method with test data
           INVOKE CUSTOMER-OBJECT "SET-CUSTOMER-DATA" 
               USING TEST-CUSTOMER-ID
                     TEST-CUSTOMER-NAME
                     TEST-CUSTOMER-EMAIL
           
       *> Verify the data was set correctly by calling a getter method
           INVOKE CUSTOMER-OBJECT "GET-CUSTOMER-ID" 
               RETURNING RETRIEVED-CUSTOMER-ID
           
       *> Compare retrieved value with expected value
           IF RETRIEVED-CUSTOMER-ID = TEST-CUSTOMER-ID
               ADD 1 TO PASSED-TESTS
               SET TEST-PASSED TO TRUE
               DISPLAY 'PASS: Customer ID set correctly'
           ELSE
               ADD 1 TO FAILED-TESTS
               SET TEST-FAILED TO TRUE
               DISPLAY 'FAIL: Customer ID not set correctly'
               DISPLAY 'Expected: ' TEST-CUSTOMER-ID
               DISPLAY 'Actual: ' RETRIEVED-CUSTOMER-ID
           END-IF.
       
       TEST-GET-CUSTOMER-BALANCE.
       *> Test the GET-CUSTOMER-BALANCE method
           ADD 1 TO TOTAL-TESTS
           DISPLAY 'Testing GET-CUSTOMER-BALANCE method...'
           
       *> Set an initial balance through a method call
           INVOKE CUSTOMER-OBJECT "UPDATE-BALANCE" 
               USING INITIAL-BALANCE-AMOUNT
                     DEPOSIT-TYPE
               RETURNING UPDATE-SUCCESS
           
       *> Retrieve the balance and verify it matches
           INVOKE CUSTOMER-OBJECT "GET-CUSTOMER-BALANCE" 
               RETURNING RETRIEVED-BALANCE
           
           IF RETRIEVED-BALANCE = INITIAL-BALANCE-AMOUNT
               ADD 1 TO PASSED-TESTS
               SET TEST-PASSED TO TRUE
               DISPLAY 'PASS: Balance retrieved correctly'
           ELSE
               ADD 1 TO FAILED-TESTS
               SET TEST-FAILED TO TRUE
               DISPLAY 'FAIL: Balance retrieval failed'
           END-IF.

Each test case follows a consistent pattern: increment the test counter, call the method being tested, verify the results, and update the pass/fail counters. The verification step is crucial - it compares actual results with expected results and provides clear feedback about whether the test passed or failed. This approach makes it easy to identify which specific functionality is working or broken.

2. Testing Edge Cases

Edge cases test the boundaries and limits of class behavior. These tests verify that the class handles unusual inputs gracefully, such as invalid data, boundary values, or error conditions. Testing edge cases helps ensure robust, production-ready code.

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       TEST-INVALID-INPUTS.
       *> Test how the class handles invalid input data
           ADD 1 TO TOTAL-TESTS
           DISPLAY 'Testing invalid input handling...'
           
       *> Test with zero customer ID (should be invalid)
           INVOKE CUSTOMER-OBJECT "SET-CUSTOMER-DATA" 
               USING ZERO-CUSTOMER-ID
                     TEST-CUSTOMER-NAME
                     TEST-CUSTOMER-EMAIL
           
       *> Verify that invalid data is rejected
           INVOKE CUSTOMER-OBJECT "VALIDATE-CUSTOMER-DATA" 
               RETURNING VALIDATION-RESULT
                     ERROR-MESSAGE
           
           IF VALIDATION-RESULT = 'N'
               ADD 1 TO PASSED-TESTS
               SET TEST-PASSED TO TRUE
               DISPLAY 'PASS: Invalid customer ID rejected'
               DISPLAY 'Error message: ' ERROR-MESSAGE
           ELSE
               ADD 1 TO FAILED-TESTS
               SET TEST-FAILED TO TRUE
               DISPLAY 'FAIL: Invalid customer ID was accepted'
           END-IF.
       
       TEST-BOUNDARY-VALUES.
       *> Test boundary conditions for numeric values
           ADD 1 TO TOTAL-TESTS
           DISPLAY 'Testing boundary values...'
           
       *> Test maximum allowed balance
           MOVE 9999999999.99 TO MAX-BALANCE-AMOUNT
           INVOKE CUSTOMER-OBJECT "UPDATE-BALANCE" 
               USING MAX-BALANCE-AMOUNT
                     DEPOSIT-TYPE
               RETURNING UPDATE-SUCCESS
           
           IF UPDATE-SUCCESS = 'Y'
               ADD 1 TO PASSED-TESTS
               SET TEST-PASSED TO TRUE
               DISPLAY 'PASS: Maximum balance accepted'
           ELSE
               ADD 1 TO FAILED-TESTS
               SET TEST-FAILED TO TRUE
               DISPLAY 'FAIL: Maximum balance rejected'
           END-IF.
       
       TEST-NEGATIVE-VALUES.
       *> Test handling of negative values
           ADD 1 TO TOTAL-TESTS
           DISPLAY 'Testing negative value handling...'
           
       *> Try to withdraw more than available balance
           MOVE 1000000.00 TO EXCESSIVE-WITHDRAWAL
           INVOKE CUSTOMER-OBJECT "UPDATE-BALANCE" 
               USING EXCESSIVE-WITHDRAWAL
                     WITHDRAWAL-TYPE
               RETURNING UPDATE-SUCCESS
           
           IF UPDATE-SUCCESS = 'N'
               ADD 1 TO PASSED-TESTS
               SET TEST-PASSED TO TRUE
               DISPLAY 'PASS: Excessive withdrawal properly rejected'
           ELSE
               ADD 1 TO FAILED-TESTS
               SET TEST-FAILED TO TRUE
               DISPLAY 'FAIL: Excessive withdrawal was allowed'
           END-IF.

Edge case testing is crucial for ensuring that classes handle unusual situations gracefully. These tests verify that the class validates input data properly, rejects invalid values, and provides appropriate error messages. By testing boundary conditions and error scenarios, we ensure that the class behaves predictably in all situations.

Testing Inheritance

1. Testing Inherited Methods

When testing classes that inherit from other classes, it's important to verify that inherited methods work correctly in the subclass context. This includes testing that inherited properties are accessible and that inherited methods produce expected results.

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       TEST-INHERITED-METHODS.
       *> Test methods inherited from parent class
           ADD 1 TO TOTAL-TESTS
           DISPLAY 'Testing inherited methods...'
           
       *> Create an instance of the subclass
           INVOKE PREMIUM-CUSTOMER-CLASS "NEW" RETURNING PREMIUM-OBJECT
           
       *> Test inherited method from parent class
           INVOKE PREMIUM-OBJECT "SET-CUSTOMER-DATA" 
               USING TEST-CUSTOMER-ID
                     TEST-CUSTOMER-NAME
                     TEST-CUSTOMER-EMAIL
           
       *> Verify inherited method works in subclass
           INVOKE PREMIUM-OBJECT "GET-CUSTOMER-ID" 
               RETURNING RETRIEVED-ID
           
           IF RETRIEVED-ID = TEST-CUSTOMER-ID
               ADD 1 TO PASSED-TESTS
               SET TEST-PASSED TO TRUE
               DISPLAY 'PASS: Inherited method works in subclass'
           ELSE
               ADD 1 TO FAILED-TESTS
               SET TEST-FAILED TO TRUE
               DISPLAY 'FAIL: Inherited method failed in subclass'
           END-IF.
       
       TEST-METHOD-OVERRIDING.
       *> Test that overridden methods work correctly
           ADD 1 TO TOTAL-TESTS
           DISPLAY 'Testing method overriding...'
           
       *> Set up premium membership
           INVOKE PREMIUM-OBJECT "SET-PREMIUM-MEMBERSHIP" 
               USING 'PLATINUM'
                     15.00
           
       *> Test overridden method with premium discount
           INVOKE PREMIUM-OBJECT "CALCULATE-TOTAL-CHARGES" 
               USING TRANSACTION-COUNT
                     AVERAGE-TRANSACTION
               RETURNING PREMIUM-TOTAL
           
       *> Calculate expected total with premium discount
           COMPUTE EXPECTED-PREMIUM-TOTAL = 
               (TRANSACTION-COUNT * AVERAGE-TRANSACTION) * 0.85
           
           IF PREMIUM-TOTAL = EXPECTED-PREMIUM-TOTAL
               ADD 1 TO PASSED-TESTS
               SET TEST-PASSED TO TRUE
               DISPLAY 'PASS: Method overriding works correctly'
           ELSE
               ADD 1 TO FAILED-TESTS
               SET TEST-FAILED TO TRUE
               DISPLAY 'FAIL: Method overriding failed'
           END-IF.

Inheritance testing verifies that the subclass correctly inherits functionality from its parent class while also testing that overridden methods provide the expected specialized behavior. This ensures that the inheritance hierarchy works correctly and that polymorphic behavior functions as intended.

Test Assertions and Validation

1. Assertion Framework

Assertions are statements that verify expected conditions in tests. A good assertion framework provides clear, readable ways to check test results and generates meaningful error messages when tests fail. This makes debugging easier and test results more informative.

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       ASSERT-EQUALS.
       *> Generic assertion to check if two values are equal
       *> Parameters: expected-value, actual-value, test-description
       DATA DIVISION.
       LINKAGE SECTION.
       01 EXPECTED-VALUE       PIC X(100).
       01 ACTUAL-VALUE         PIC X(100).
       01 TEST-DESCRIPTION     PIC X(50).
       
       PROCEDURE DIVISION USING EXPECTED-VALUE
                                ACTUAL-VALUE
                                TEST-DESCRIPTION.
       *> Compare the values
           IF EXPECTED-VALUE = ACTUAL-VALUE
               ADD 1 TO PASSED-TESTS
               DISPLAY 'PASS: ' TEST-DESCRIPTION
           ELSE
               ADD 1 TO FAILED-TESTS
               DISPLAY 'FAIL: ' TEST-DESCRIPTION
               DISPLAY 'Expected: ' EXPECTED-VALUE
               DISPLAY 'Actual: ' ACTUAL-VALUE
           END-IF
           
       END PROGRAM ASSERT-EQUALS.
       
       ASSERT-TRUE.
       *> Assertion to check if a condition is true
       *> Parameters: condition-value, test-description
       DATA DIVISION.
       LINKAGE SECTION.
       01 CONDITION-VALUE      PIC X(1).
           88 CONDITION-TRUE VALUE 'Y'.
           88 CONDITION-FALSE VALUE 'N'.
       01 TEST-DESCRIPTION     PIC X(50).
       
       PROCEDURE DIVISION USING CONDITION-VALUE
                                TEST-DESCRIPTION.
           IF CONDITION-TRUE
               ADD 1 TO PASSED-TESTS
               DISPLAY 'PASS: ' TEST-DESCRIPTION
           ELSE
               ADD 1 TO FAILED-TESTS
               DISPLAY 'FAIL: ' TEST-DESCRIPTION
           END-IF
           
       END PROGRAM ASSERT-TRUE.
       
       ASSERT-NOT-NULL.
       *> Assertion to check if an object reference is not null
       *> Parameters: object-reference, test-description
       DATA DIVISION.
       LINKAGE SECTION.
       01 OBJECT-REF           USAGE OBJECT REFERENCE.
       01 TEST-DESCRIPTION     PIC X(50).
       
       PROCEDURE DIVISION USING OBJECT-REF
                                TEST-DESCRIPTION.
           IF OBJECT-REF NOT = NULL
               ADD 1 TO PASSED-TESTS
               DISPLAY 'PASS: ' TEST-DESCRIPTION
           ELSE
               ADD 1 TO FAILED-TESTS
               DISPLAY 'FAIL: ' TEST-DESCRIPTION
               DISPLAY 'Object reference is null'
           END-IF
           
       END PROGRAM ASSERT-NOT-NULL.

The assertion framework provides reusable methods for common test validations. ASSERT-EQUALS compares two values and reports whether they match, ASSERT-TRUE checks boolean conditions, and ASSERT-NOT-NULL verifies that object references are valid. These assertions make tests more readable and provide consistent error reporting across all test cases.

2. Test Data Management

Effective test data management ensures that tests are repeatable and maintainable. This includes creating test data sets, managing test state, and cleaning up after tests to prevent interference between test cases.

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       SETUP-TEST-DATA.
       *> Initialize test data for each test case
           MOVE 12345678 TO TEST-CUSTOMER-ID
           MOVE 'John Smith' TO TEST-CUSTOMER-NAME
           MOVE 'john.smith@email.com' TO TEST-CUSTOMER-EMAIL
           MOVE 1000.00 TO INITIAL-BALANCE-AMOUNT
           MOVE 'D' TO DEPOSIT-TYPE
           MOVE 'W' TO WITHDRAWAL-TYPE
           MOVE 0 TO ZERO-CUSTOMER-ID
           MOVE 9999999999.99 TO MAX-BALANCE-AMOUNT
           MOVE 1000000.00 TO EXCESSIVE-WITHDRAWAL
           MOVE 50 TO TRANSACTION-COUNT
           MOVE 25.00 TO AVERAGE-TRANSACTION.
       
       CLEANUP-TEST-ENVIRONMENT.
       *> Clean up after tests to prevent interference
           IF CUSTOMER-OBJECT NOT = NULL
               INVOKE CUSTOMER-OBJECT "FINALIZE"
               SET CUSTOMER-OBJECT TO NULL
           END-IF
           
           IF PREMIUM-OBJECT NOT = NULL
               INVOKE PREMIUM-OBJECT "FINALIZE"
               SET PREMIUM-OBJECT TO NULL
           END-IF
           
           DISPLAY 'Test environment cleaned up'.
       
       RESET-OBJECT-STATE.
       *> Reset object to initial state for next test
           INVOKE CUSTOMER-OBJECT "INITIALIZE"
           MOVE 0 TO CUSTOMER-ID
           MOVE SPACES TO CUSTOMER-NAME
           MOVE SPACES TO CUSTOMER-EMAIL
           MOVE 0 TO PRIVATE-CUSTOMER-BALANCE
           DISPLAY 'Object state reset for next test'.

Test data management ensures that each test starts with known, clean data and that objects are properly reset between tests. The SETUP-TEST-DATA procedure initializes all test variables with known values, CLEANUP-TEST-ENVIRONMENT properly disposes of objects to prevent memory leaks, and RESET-OBJECT-STATE ensures that each test starts from a consistent baseline.

Test Reporting

1. Test Results Summary

Comprehensive test reporting provides clear visibility into test results, making it easy to identify which tests passed or failed and to track overall code quality. Good reporting includes summary statistics and detailed failure information.

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       DISPLAY-TEST-RESULTS.
       *> Display comprehensive test results summary
           DISPLAY '========================================'
           DISPLAY 'CUSTOMER CLASS TEST RESULTS'
           DISPLAY '========================================'
           DISPLAY 'Total Tests: ' TOTAL-TESTS
           DISPLAY 'Passed: ' PASSED-TESTS
           DISPLAY 'Failed: ' FAILED-TESTS
           
       *> Calculate and display pass percentage
           IF TOTAL-TESTS > 0
               COMPUTE PASS-PERCENTAGE = 
                   (PASSED-TESTS / TOTAL-TESTS) * 100
               DISPLAY 'Pass Rate: ' PASS-PERCENTAGE '%'
           END-IF
           
       *> Determine overall test status
           IF FAILED-TESTS = 0
               DISPLAY 'OVERALL RESULT: ALL TESTS PASSED'
               MOVE 0 TO RETURN-CODE
           ELSE
               DISPLAY 'OVERALL RESULT: SOME TESTS FAILED'
               MOVE 8 TO RETURN-CODE
           END-IF
           
           DISPLAY '========================================'.
       
       GENERATE-TEST-REPORT.
       *> Generate detailed test report for documentation
           OPEN OUTPUT TEST-REPORT-FILE
           
           WRITE TEST-REPORT-RECORD FROM 'CUSTOMER CLASS TEST REPORT'
           WRITE TEST-REPORT-RECORD FROM 'Generated: ' CURRENT-DATE
           WRITE TEST-REPORT-RECORD FROM SPACES
           
           WRITE TEST-REPORT-RECORD FROM 'SUMMARY:'
           WRITE TEST-REPORT-RECORD FROM 'Total Tests: ' TOTAL-TESTS
           WRITE TEST-REPORT-RECORD FROM 'Passed: ' PASSED-TESTS
           WRITE TEST-REPORT-RECORD FROM 'Failed: ' FAILED-TESTS
           
           CLOSE TEST-REPORT-FILE.

Test reporting provides both immediate feedback during test execution and detailed documentation for later analysis. The summary includes key metrics like total tests, pass/fail counts, and pass percentage. The return code is set based on test results, making it easy to integrate testing into automated build processes.

Best Practices for Class Testing

Isolation: Each test should be independent and not rely on other tests
Repeatability: Tests should produce the same results every time they run
Completeness: Test both normal operations and edge cases
Clarity: Test names and descriptions should clearly indicate what is being tested
Maintainability: Keep tests simple and focused on single behaviors
Documentation: Document test cases and expected behaviors

Common Testing Patterns

Arrange-Act-Assert: Set up test data, execute method, verify results
Test Doubles: Use mock objects to isolate class under test
Parameterized Tests: Run same test with different input values
Setup/Teardown: Initialize and clean up test environment
Test Fixtures: Reusable test data and objects
Test Suites: Group related tests together

COBOL Class Tests

Understanding Class Testing

Basic Test Structure

1. Test Class Definition

2. Test Initialization

Individual Test Cases

1. Testing Method Functionality

2. Testing Edge Cases

Testing Inheritance

1. Testing Inherited Methods

Test Assertions and Validation

1. Assertion Framework

2. Test Data Management

Test Reporting

1. Test Results Summary

Best Practices for Class Testing

Common Testing Patterns

Class Design

Classes and Objects

Unit Testing

Test Frameworks

Debugging

Code Quality